Nanofiltration Membrane for Organic Acid Concentration and Desalination
Organic acids represented by citric acid, lactic acid and gluconic acid are widely used in food additives, pharmaceutical raw materials and biodegradable polymer industries. Traditional purification routes rely on calcium salt precipitation, acidification and multi-effect evaporation, which bring high chemical consumption, heavy waste residue and high energy input. Nanofiltration, as a pressure-driven membrane process between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, possesses selective interception characteristics: it retains organic acid molecules while allowing monovalent inorganic ions to penetrate the membrane. This technology can realize simultaneous concentration and desalination of organic acid fermentation broth under low-temperature conditions, cutting down the consumption of lime and sulfuric acid, and reducing the burden of subsequent evaporation. This article elaborates the separation mechanism, system composition, operating parameters, fouling control and industrial applicatio
Ceramic Membrane for Clarification of Traditional Chinese Medicine Extract
aditional Chinese medicine (TCM) extract contains a large quantity of suspended particles, plant fibers, colloids and macromolecular impurities after decoction. The conventional clarification methods such as plate-and-frame filter press, alcohol precipitation and centrifugation have obvious drawbacks: long processing cycle, high loss of active ingredients, poor filtrate clarity and unstable product quality. The cross-flow ceramic membrane clarification technology, as a physical separation method, can efficiently remove suspended solids and colloidal impurities at low temperature while retaining target active components. It avoids the use of large amount of ethanol, reduces solvent recovery cost and lowers the risk of active substance degradation. This paper describes the separation principle, system composition, process control, membrane fouling control and industrial application benefits of ceramic membrane applied in TCM extract clarification. It also compares ceramic membrane with t
