Aiming at the technical pain points of traditional milk processing, this paper analyzes the practical application value of membrane separation technology in dairy industry. Combined with different membrane types including microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, this study expounds the functions of impurity removal, sterilization, nutrient retention and component separation in raw milk treatment. Meanwhile, it summarizes the advantages of low temperature, energy saving, high safety and high separation efficiency of membrane technology, and illustrates its important role in diversified dairy product processing and production process optimization. It provides technical reference for dairy enterprises introducing efficient milk processing equipment.